Japan expects only 1% to 2% of $550 billion US fund to be investment
The Japan Times | 28 July 2025
Japan expects only 1% to 2% of $550 billion US fund to be investment
By Yoshiaki Nohara, Bloomberg
Japan expects only 1% to 2% of its recently agreed upon $550 billion U.S. fund to be in the form of actual investment, with the bulk of it being loans, according to the nation’s chief tariff negotiator, Ryosei Akazawa.
At the same time, Tokyo would save roughly ¥10 trillion ($68 billion) through lower tariff rates in its deal with the United States, he said.
The $550 billion investment framework will be a combination of investments, loans and loan guarantees provided by financial institutions backed by the Japanese government, Akazawa said on public broadcaster NHK on Saturday night. Of the total, investment would be worth 1% or 2% and the United States and Japan would split the profits of that investment at a ratio of 90-to-10, he said. Japan had originally proposed a 50-50 ratio, he added.
The fund is a centerpiece of the deal announced by the two sides that will impose 15% tariffs on Japanese cars and other goods. But the details given by Akazawa suggest the Japanese may end up giving up much less than at first glance. The comments come as officials from countries with deals with the U.S. sift through the terms to explain to the public what they entail.
"It’s not that $550 billion in cash will be sent to the U.S.,” Akazawa said. "By letting the U.S. have 90% of the profits rather than 50%, I think Japan’s loss will be at most a couple of tens of billions of yen. People are saying various things, such as ‘You sold out Japan,’ but they’re wrong.”
For the loans provided through the program, Japan will simply be collecting the interest payments, and for the loan guarantees, if nothing happens Japan will also be just collecting fees, Akazawa said. "For that part, Japan’s just making money,” he said.
Akazawa also clarified that the investment program won’t be only supporting Japanese and U.S. firms. As a potential example, he cited a Taiwanese semiconductor firm building a factory in the U.S.
"We’d like to put the $550 billion in place during President (Donald) Trump’s term,” Akazawa added.
The Japan side has cited JBIC and NEXI as the government-backed organizations that will be leading financing for the projects. For JBIC, in the year ended March, around 77% of its assets were in loans, and 6.6% in loan guarantees.
Further details of the implementation of the U.S.-Japan deal remain unclear including when the new tariff rates would take effect and when the new investment vehicle would kick off. There’s been no joint document signed by both sides for the deal, although the White House has published a fact sheet.
"If you say something like, ‘Let’s create a joint document,’ they will say, ‘We’ll lower tariffs after the document is created,’” Akazawa said. In order to not lose time, "we will demand that they issue an executive order to lower tariffs as soon as possible, regardless of a document.”
Last week, Akazawa said he expects universal tariffs on Japan’s shipments to be lowered to 15% on Aug. 1, while he said he wanted the car tariffs to be cut to 15% as soon as possible without specifying a date.
The Trump administration has touted the deal with Japan as a potential model for others. On Sunday, the U.S. and European Union agreed on a deal that will see the bloc face 15% tariffs on most of its exports with the EU pledging to invest $600 billion in the U.S.
