Uphill battle for EU-Mercosur pact
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Euractiv | 20 January 2020
Uphill battle for EU-Mercosur pact
By Georgi Gotev
There’s a strong sense of déjà vu. Belgium’s region of Wallonia is trying to block the EU-Mercosur free-trade agreement, just like it previously attempted with CETA, the EU-Canada free trade agreement. But how serious is that?
The socialist Walloon government began its political new year by rejecting the free trade agreement between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and the European Union.
From Wallonia’s perspective, the Latin American countries agree to open up to the EU industries (cars, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, public markets …) in exchange for the massive export of their beef to countries like Belgium. This irritates the Walloon government and its minister-president, Elio Di Rupo.
Walloon socialists fear that beef from the Mercosur countries will come full of chemicals and antibiotics, prohibited under European rules. Another element that pushes the Walloon government to say no is the attitude of Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro towards the Amazon, as well as his unclear commitment to the Paris climate agreements.
Also, for the Walloon socialists, the lack of freedom of association in some of these countries is an additional argument against the Mercosur deal.
But more importantly, Wallonia wants to highlight its difference from Flanders, the other region of Belgium, which supports the Mercosur deal.
Belgium has been without a federal government for 239 days and the main reason is that the socialists came out on top in Wallonia’s ballot, while the nationalists won the election in Flanders.
But what was the case with the Walloon opposition to CETA? Because CETA was declared a mixed agreement by the European Commission in July 2016, it also needs to be ratified by national and regional parliaments. In terms of EU decision-making, national ratification of EU pacts includes five devolved authorities, including Wallonia.
The intra-Belgian disagreement was solved months later, when the two Belgian national parliaments allowed full powers to be given to the federal government.
A major difference this time is that it’s not yet certain if the EU-Mercosur deal, agreed in principle at the G20 Osaka summit in June 2019, after 20 years of negotiations, is a “mixed agreement” and therefore needs to be ratified by the national parliaments of the EU member countries.
By the way, the very long text is still being translated. After finalisation, it must be signed and ratified by the European Council, the European Parliament, and the four countries from Mercosur, a process that may take many years.
The Walloon opposition to Mercosur appears to have an internal policy motivation. And it cannot be ignored that politicians in other countries may have cold feet as well. Especially if such an obstruction could come in handy in their internal political context.