AfCFTA: Kupanana zvekare pachena? Kuchipa ani chouviri?
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bilaterals.org & GRAIN | Chikumi 2024
MISAI CHIBVUMIRANO CHEKUTENGESERANA PACHENA MU AFRICA
AfCFTA: Kupanana zvekare pachena? Kuchipa ani chouviri?
Kubvira mukutanga kwegore ra2000 zvizvarwaZveAfrica zvakati "KWETE KWETE KUZVIBVUMIRANO ZVEKUDYIDZANA" izvo zvaisundwa nezvizvarwa zvekumhiri kwemakungwa chiri chinangwa chekuda kuramba vachibira nekudzvanyirira nyika dzemuAfrica. Parizvino, vatangazve nechimwe chibvumirano changochinjwa zita asi kuri kuda kupamba nekutora zviri pachena zviwanikwa zvemunyika yeAfrica. Muchirungu vanoyiti the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFA). Zvichingoreva chibvumirano chekutengeserana pachena muAfrica.
Ichi chibvumirano chirikutungamirirwa nenyika dzemubatanidzwa weAfrica (AU) asi chichipiwa masimba nenyika dzakaita se America, European Union, China, uye Bhanga rinomiririra kubudirira kweAfrica, zvekare mubatanidzwa wekutengesa wenyika dzepasi rose nebhanga renyika dzepasi rose, varikuzvitsigirawo. Chinangwa kuri kubatanidza kutengeserana kwemuAfrica, kusimudzira nekuvandudza kutengesa uku muAfrica yose uye kukurudzira kubatana kweAfrica. Ichi chibvumirano chakatoiswa tsutsurudzo nenyika makumi mashanu neina pachikamu chenyika makumi mashanu neshanu dziri Mumubatanidzwa weAfrica (AU). Kureva kuti pane nyika imwe chete isatu yabvumirana nevamwe. Kunyangwe zvazvo chinangwa ichi chakatanga gore ra2019 imwe mitemo yacho yakatanga kushanda mugore ra 2022 uye pakati penyika nomwe chete. Chinangwa che AfCFTA kuti zviwanikwa zvemuAfrica zvisunungurwe pachena nechikamu chikuru chinosiya paduku kusvika muzana (97%).
Zvekare uyu mukana wekuisa mitemo pakutengeserana, mukushandidzana.
Mashandiro uye kutengeserana padzinhare nezvivhitivhiti tichishandisa dandemutande.
Mukutaurirana kwakaitwa pamusoro pekutengeserana pachena nekuchinjana.
Zviwanikwa zvaisava pachena kumunhu wose vashoma vakanzwa zvizere nemakuhwa.
Kutengeserana kwenyika dzeAfrica kwagara kuriko zvisiri pamutemo wakaswatuka uye zvichiitwa nevatengesi zvechikamu zvidiki kunyanya vakachidzimai.
AfCFTA haisi kuedza kugadzirisa zvese izvi asi kutozama kupa mangange kumabhizinisi makuru agara akakura kare aite nhangemutange achiramba achingokura.
Saka chibvumirano ichi chinoreveiko kuzvizvarwa zevmuAfrica zvisinavo chouviri munguva dzekuoma kunyangwe dzekusanaya kwemvura nemaguta?
Kuvandudzwa kwenyaya dzekutengeserana zvirimwa
Varimi vekumamisha nevegoho diki uye matura nekuchengetwa kwechikafu nenzira dzedu dzechivanhu sevanhu vatema vemuAfrica kuchaparadzwa ne AfCFTA. Chimwe chinhu chinotonyatsotyisa ndechekuti chirongwa ichi chichasimbisa kubiwa kwembeu dzevarimi nezvimwe zvisakarurama. Mitemo irikudzikwa ne AfCFTA irikukurudzira kudzika mitemo yekuchengetedza zvirimwa zvakasiyana nemhando yazvo uye zivo yagara iri muvarimi.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvese izvi zvinenge zvave midziyo kana upfumi hwemunhu umwechete.Makambani anotengesa mbesa anenge akutogona kudzivisa varimi kuchengeta mumatura kana kupanana mbesa idzi sezvo dzinenge dzisisiri dzevarimi. Izvi zvinozoreva kuti donzvo uye kuvandudzwa nehunyanzvi hweAfrica pazvirimwa kuchaparara nerimwe divi makambani ezvirimwa okura. Hazvina musoro uye zvinoparadza kupa vamwe humbimbindoga pakuva muridzi wembesa.
Hupenyu hwevashandi nekodzero dzavo zvichazovei?
Kuti chirongwa ichi chifambe nekukasika AfCFTA inokurudzira kuti mabasa aitwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana neunyanzvi uye mitemo isingaomeswi kuti vanouya nemari dzekuvadudza kurima vauye nehuwandu. Zvikamu zvemabasa zvichienderana neunyazvi izvi zvichapa makambani kakareruka kubva kumitemo yenzvimbo uye kana mari dzingadiwa nehurumende semitero. Kumushandi izvi zvichareva kuti achafondoka nekushanda, mari irishoma, munzvimbo yekushandira isina kuchena neutano hwakakwana kwenguva dzakareba uye pogona kuva nekumbunyikidzwa kwevanhukadzi.Zvekare kusina mukana wekuita mapato anomirira vashandi .Zvikamu zvemabasa izvi zvichienderana neunyanzvi zvichatendera kutorerwa minda kusvika pakutodzingwa kunyanya munzvimbo idzo dzine minda yakatorwa kubva muhurimi ikava yekushandisa mukutsvaga mari.
Kuwana mishonga kwave kunetsa
AfCFTA inotendera hunyanzvi hwezvishandwa zvichadzivisa kuuya kwe mishonga kubva kune dzimwe nyika, kana kutigadzirwa kwayo nemakambani atajaira munyika dzedu. Chokwadi ndechekuti zvizhinji zvichavanzwa kuruzhinji rweAfrica kunhangwe zvazvo izvi zvichave nemakuva chaiwo marinhe neutano hwevanhu.
Makambani aya anogona kusungisa hurumende
Mumakuhwa nezvipenga zveAfCFTA zvakatenderera zvakaratidza kuti nyika dzichange dzirimo dzichatarira kuita gwaro pakati penyika nekambani inouya nemari rinodzivirira mhirizhonga nekunonana mangwana. Izvi nekune rumwe rutivi zvinoreva kuti vauyi ava vachizviti ndovene vemari vanotenderwa kusungisa nyika kana pakaita mitemo mitsva munyika angakanganisa muripo wavo kana chinangwa chavo zvacho. Iyi tsika yegwaro iri inotsoropodzqa pasi rese kuti inozotendedza vauyi munyika kuchinja mitemo yenyika dzawana dziine runyarararo.
Uye igwaro rinotendera kusungiswa nekubhadhariswa mari zhinji dzinosvika kumabhiriyino ekuAmerica kwenyika.
Mune dzimwe nyaya dzakamboitika paine gwaro iri nyika dzemuAfrica zhinji dzaidyiwa kumatare edzimhosva nekuda kwegwaro irori rinosungirira.
Kutengeserana pazvivhitivhiti uye panharembozha
Kurikunzi hurukuru dzekutengeserana uku dzirikutoitwa asi ruzhinji haruna zivo yazvo.
Tikazvitarisisa tinoona kuti zvicharerekera kuti mafambisirwo ekutengeserana uku achangotenderana newenyika dzemubatanidzwa weAfrica wekuda kuva nemari nemukana wekutengesa umwe chete Africa yese. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuchabviswa mitemo inosungira kutengeserana iyo irikushandisa nenyika zhinji dzemuAfrica kuchengetedza magambiro ekutengeserana uku. Muenzaniso woti vanokwanisa kumisa mitemo yemunyika inoita kuti nyaya dzemunhu dzehutano hwake dzibudiswe kune dzimwe nyika zvongoitwa madiro.
Tikaongorora muAfrica vanhu vashoma shoma vanoshandisa masaisai nedandemutande zvoreva kuti vanganiko vavhawana chouviri kubva pakutengeserana uku kunoda masaisai dandemutande nharembozha nezvivhitivhiti.
Kuwedzerwa kwezvikwereti pazvivakwa
AfCFTA ndiyo yedzimwe tsutsurudzo dzaimirira chaizvo kuti bumbiro renyika dzemubatanidzwa weAfrica ra 2063 iro rinotarisa kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa nemidziyo yeAfrica. Zvichatendera kuitwa kwemabasa makuru enyika aisagonekwa nenguva duku zvakafanana ne mugwagwa ne wenjanji uchanzi Nacala corridor pakati peMalawi, Zimbabwe ne Zambia wakakura kudarika zvuuru makumi gumi zvinoraudzira nezvuuru makumi manomwe (1700km). Mabasa makuru akadai anotsvaga kupfumisa makambani anenge auya achiriita asi achisiya nyika yave muzvikwereti zvinotyisa.
Hongu zvivakwa zvakakosha asi ruzhinji ngarungwarire kusiiwa muzvikwereti zvikuru senyika. Toyeuchidzana kuti pakupera kwegore ra2022 nyika dzemuAfrica dzanga dzavane zvikwereti zvinosvika kuti makumi mana nemana emabhiriyoni ($us44 billion).
HATIDI zveAfCFTA!
AfCFTA irikumhanya nebumbiro rekuti kutengeserana pachena kunehumbimbindoga. Inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwechibvumirano che"budiriro" yakamiswa nekuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana chakavanzwa sekunge kukurudzira kubatana seAfrica. Asi tikazvitarisisa zvimwechete nemitemo
yatinoona kuWTO nezvimwe zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinoparadza Africa.
Naizvozvo izvi zvinozongogutsa vagara vainazvo kuAfrica macho nemakambani anokurudzira umbimbindoga asi mwana weAfrica ari pasi achitambura.
Kana muchida zvizere batanai dande mutande riri pasi apo:
• bilaterals.org, “AfCFTA”, 2023, https://bilaterals.org/afcfta-287
• GRAIN, “What do FTAs mean for African women? A critical look into the African Continental Free Trade Area”, 2020, https://grain.org/e/6496
• Ibon Africa, “Scramble for Africa: A campaign primer on the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement”, 2022, https://iboninternational.org/download/scramble-for-africa-afcfta-campaign-primer/
• ISDS Platform, https://isds.bilaterals.org/
